기뢰전-프린스턴호피격 이시우 2008/10/05 446
http://www.defence.co.kr/
한국전때 원산상륙작전을 망쳐놓은 장본인은
북한이 원산항에 깔아놓은 기뢰였고
(결국 육군이 먼저 원산을 점령하고 해병대를 마중했음)
걸프전때 이라크가 미해군에게 한방 먹일 수 있던
유일한 수단 역시 기뢰였읍니다.
1991년 2월 18일 Tico급 Aegis 순양함 USS Princeton이
기뢰에 맞아 선체 강성의 80%를 상실하고
Aegis 시스템은 2시간 동안 다운되었으며
결국 예인선과 소해정이 붙어 불구가 된 순양함을 끌고 나왔읍니다.
아래는 카나다해군 웹페이지의 “해군력에 대한 위협 1997-2015″의 일부 발췌와
영국 런던대학교 King’s College의 “War Studies” 학과 해양전략/해전사 교수
Geoffrey Till의 글입니다.
Threats to Naval Forces 1997-2015
Mine warfare is an established, but often downplayed, part of naval operations.{75} Mines are relatively cheap, easy to produce, and simple to deploy. They are capable of creating a threat out of all proportion to the effort required to deploy them. The mere threat of mines is often enough to cause a significant disruption to naval operations or shipping. During the Persian Gulf War, the 1200-1500 mines Iraq laid off Kuwait were largely responsible for the decision not to conduct an amphibious landing during the war.{76}
76. Till notes that during the Korean War, “the most powerful navy in the world was held for weeks in its planned invasion of Wonsan by a few ancient mines laid by the North Koreans.” Till, Modern Sea Power, (London: Brassey’s, 1987), p. 153; Cordesman, Op Cit., p. 820-821.
More recently, both the USS Samuel B. Roberts and the USS Princeton were nearly destroyed in separate incidents by Iranian and Iraqi mines respectively.
Princeton 함장의 증언
10,000톤짜리 순양함이 기뢰에 맞았을 때
갑판에 있던 수병이 공중으로 3미터나 튀어올랐다가 떨어졌답니다…
3,900톤짜리 광개토대왕함이 기뢰에 맞았다면… 어휴…
그리고 전쟁은 3월에 끝났는데 9월 10일에야
다국적군의 기뢰 제거 작전이 종료되었읍니다.
USS Princeton Mine Incident
SPECIAL NOTE
Commanding Officer, USS Princeton – “The ship was steaming slowly, barely maintaining steerage way in order to allow maximum reaction time if a mine was spotted. I had just told the crew that we had to be especially cautious and be on the lookout for mines because Tripoli had been hit just hours earlier. Just as I made that comment, the force of the mine explosion under the stern lifted up the ship and caused a whiplash. We on the bridge were moving up and down rapidly. We all grabbed on to something and tried to maintain our footing…My immediate reaction was that we had hit a mine. But the fact that the ship continued this violent motion for more than a second or two concerned me. I didn’t expect the violent motion to continue as long as it did. At this point, both the Boatswain’s Mate-of-the-Watch and I sounded General Quarters.”
Two seconds after the mine exploded under the stern another mine exploded about 300 yards off the starboard bow.
The combined effect of these two mines ripped the ship’s superstructure in two at the amidships quarterdeck.
“My first reaction was to notify someone else that we had struck a mine. We had to keep the ship from sinking. Another immediate reaction was that this was what we had been preparing for months. I had total confidence that my crew would do the right thing – that they would do what they had been trained to do.”
“The first report that came in was about the injured people on the forecastle. Petty Officer…was already there giving flrst aid to Petty Officer…who was the most seriously injured. Petty Officer…was standing right at the bullnose looking for mines when the blast went off under the stern. Petty Officer…was thrown 10 feet into the air.”
Near the ship’s stern, where the most serious damage occurred, the firemain ruptured and doused an electrical distribution switchboard, causing a major electrical fire hazard. The switchboard was remotely isolated after the rupture was reported to Damage Control Central. The mine blasts also ruptured fuel tanks, forcing damage control parties to work in a mixture of fuel and water. Automatic sprinklers near the after 5-inch gun mount activated which aggravated the ship’s flooding problem. The crew installed and activated dewatering systems within 10 minutes of the explosions and thus reduced the danger of both fire and flooding.
Loss of cooling water to electronic equipment, due to ruptured pipin disabled the ship’s combat systems. Damage control teams quickly isolated the ruptures and immediately began emergency repairs to the cooling water systems.
“Within two hours the combat systems and combat information center teams had their equipment back on line with the forward gun and missile systems ready to shoot Princeton reassumed duties as the local AAW commander and did not relinquish those duties until relieved by USS Valley Forge.”
“As the day wore on I was concerned about drifting around in the mine field. So I made the decision to have the salvage ship, USS Beaufort, take us in tow, since our maneuverability was not good. Once under way, we moved slowly west with the minesweeper, USS Adroit, leading us, searching for mines. USS Beaufort continued to twist and turn, pulling us around the mines located by USS Adroit and marked by flares. Throughout the night, USS Adroit continued to lay flares. Near early morning, having run out of flares, she began marking the mines with chem-lights tied together. The teamwork of USS Adroit and USS Beaufort was superb.”
“I felt the life of my ship and my men were in the hands of this small minesweeper’s commanding officer and his crew. I directed USS Adroit to stay with us. I trusted him and I didn’t want to let him go until I was clear of the danger area. All of us on USS Princeton owe a big debt to the officers and crew of USS Beaufort and USS Adroit. They were real pros.”
On 27 February, USS Avenger, using the AN/SQQ-32 MCM sonar, detected, classified and marked a bottom influence mine similar to the type that had struck USS Princeton – the first bottom influence mine ever found intact during combat. Divers from EOD Mobile Unit 6 placed neutralizing charges and detonated the mine.
After the cease-fire, MCM assets from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the Netherlands joined the MCM group. This MCM force swept paths to Kuwait’s ports and completed Persian Gulf mine clearing operations by 10 September 1991.
기뢰전 대책 – 1998년 AP 통신의 보도
New minesweeping system a response to Gulf War problems
February 15, 1998
Web posted at: 8:27 p.m. EST (0127 GMT)
PANAMA CITY BEACH, Florida (AP) — Mines that Iraq planted in the sea during the Persian Gulf War nearly split the cruiser USS Princeton in half and held an American amphibious assault force at bay.
Iraq, the Pentagon learned, was better at laying mines than the U.S. Navy was at clearing them.
That experience sent the Pentagon in search of a more effective defense, and Navy researchers say they now have the answer — a collection of devices with relatives in medical technology that they call ALISS, for Advanced Lightweight Influence Sweep System.
중간 생략
1997 The Associated Press.