주한미군연습Foal Eagle 이시우 2003/01/17 242

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/foal-eagle.htm

Foal Eagle
Units

Facilities

References
Voice of the Hwarang – http://www.korea.army.mil/pao/hwarang/previous.htm

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Foal Eagle counter-infiltration exercises are large combined annual field training exercises for U.S. and ROK forces. FOAL EAGLE is the Combined Forces’ Command’s primary FTX. It’s primary training audience is tactical units and functions. It is a multifaceted Joint and Combined Exercise that trains in all aspects of CFC’s mission: Rear Battle Area Protection, RSOI, Special Operations, and conventional Multi-Service Force -on-Force. Selected CONUS based U.S. units with OPLAN taskings are brought to Korea to participate in this exercise. The Foal Eagle Exercise is an annual ROK-US combined field maneuver conducted since 1961. Its purposes are to demonstrate ROK-US military resolve to deter war on the Korean peninsula and to improve the combined and joint operational posture.

FOAL EAGLE is a purely defensive exercise which tests the ability of the Republic of Korea (ROK) to defend itself, assisted by U.S. armed forces. It is primarily a rear-area exercise in which troops defend against invading forces, hostile special forces and commando attacks, or sabotage operations on critical rear-area targets.

Foal Eagle is the first in the annual series of Warfighter, Commanders in Chief, command post exercises (CPX) in Korea. This exercise simulates the increase in tensions on the peninsula prior to an opening of hostilities. It targets the coordination between the United States, Republic of Korea forces and civilian authorities for noncombatant evacuation. The exercise occurs annually in late October and is 25 days in length.

Foal Eagle 97
Eighth United States Army forces from across the Korean peninsula were fully in exercise FOAL EAGLE 97, an annual United States/Republic of Korea Combined Forces Command force-on-force training exercise. As the largest allied force-on-force exercise in the world, FOAL EAGLE 97 included more than one million Republic of Korea forces and about 35,000 U.S. forces assigned in Korea, as well as U.S. forces deployed from throughout the Pacific region and the Continental United States. Supporting exercise FOAL EAGLE, armored vehicles from the 1st Cavalry Division were loaded onto rail cars after off loading them from the USNS Regulas in Pusan, South Korea.

The exercise began Oct. 27, and ends on Nov. 6, 1997. The Eighth U.S. Army, the Army component to United States Forces Korea (USFK), role in this year’s FOAL EAGLE exercise includes a non-combatant evacuation operation; reception, staging, onward movement and integration (RSOI); combat operations; and anti-infiltration activities. The exercise presents many realistic training opportunities for the combined Republic of Korea/United States defense team.Exercise objectives demonstrate U.S. and ROK resolve for the combined defense of Korea while affording joint and combined training opportunities from the individual through operational level. While singular in title, FOAL EAGLE 97 represented an orchestrated array of challenging training to enhance interoperability to safeguard the Korean peninsula and U.S. national interests.

PACAREA Coast Guardsmen from PSU 311, PSU 302 (battle-rostered” unit), HDC 111, and CGC Hamilton participated in the field exercise Foal Eagle 97. Specifically for PSU 311, of San Pedro, Calif., the exercise was designed to test the capabilities of the equipment and men and women of the PSU and their water and shore side defensive tactics. It also tested the logistics of getting back and forth from South Korea with the aide of the U.S. Air Force. A wide variety of duties and training opportunities awaited PSU 311. This included providing security zones around high value assets, making buoy drops for the Navy, and escorting the USS Bunker Hill, USS Mobile Bay, CGC Hamilton, and USNS Regulus in and out of port. Meanwhile, CGC Hamilton, homeported in San Pedro, Calif., was part of a combined Navy-Coast Guard defense ring around the harbor of Pusan. The cutter was deployed in the Sea of Japan with the USS Independence battle group, which included 79 aircraft and 10,000 people.

Foal Eagle 98
As one of the largest defensive exercises in the world, FOAL EAGLE 98 provided more than one million active and reserve members of the Republic of Korea and U.S. armed forces an opportunity to train in a challenging and realistic environment. Approximately one million regular and mobilized reserve ROK forces participated in this important test of the ROK’s defense capabilities, particularly in rear areas.

Conducted during the latter part of October and early November 1998, FOAL EAGLE 98 trained and evaluated the interoperability, communications links, and the combined requirements necessary for Korean and American forces to successfully defend and protect Korea from attacks against key facilities in critical rear areas. It was the first FOAL EAGLE to fully integrate many formerly independent events into a single exercise with a common scenario.

The exercise consisted of two training phases which simulated hostile threats and the defense of airfields, ports, and military bases. The first part provided a second-front scenario in the rear areas, including airbase defense. The second part included a force-on-force field training exercise in the Twin Bridges Training Area, a corps-versus-corps battle, and a combined Marine amphibious assault exercise on beaches near Pohang, Korea.

The 3d Brigade Combat Team, Tacoma, Washington, participated in the first combined-joint logistics over the shore (C-JLOTS) operation in the Republic of Korea during Exercise Foal Eagle ’98. The goal of the exercise was to create a stable and secure environment in the region. The 3d Brigade transported equipment into Korea to serve as a deterrent to potential invading forces and, if deterrence should fail, provide offensive military power. The brigade loaded cargo onto the USNS Pollux, a fast sealift ship, at the Port of Tacoma. The ship crossed the Pacific Ocean and anchored approximately 2 miles from the Port of Pusan. Most of the equipment was discharged from the anchored Pollux to smaller logistics support vessels (LSV’s) that can navigate through shallow waters and access beaches or damaged ports. A mobile, floating pier served as a bridge that allowed vehicles to drive off the Pollux and onto an LSV for the trip to shore. Other vehicles and containers were lifted by crane, lowered onto barges, and ferried to shore. Once delivered to the port, the cargo was staged for rail movement to Camp Casey in Tongduchon. The operation tested the joint and combined ability to project a combat force into a region. Experience with LOTS operations is critical because more than 90 percent of wartime cargo and fuel is transported on ships, and large ships often cannot be docked in port. The uncertainty of port capabilities during war dictates that alternate methods of transporting cargo be available.

FOAL EAGLE 98 marked the first time that all players in the exercise were equipped with the Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System (MILES), which adds a significant level of realism to the scenarios. MILES is equipment fitted to weapons, soldiers and their vehicles. A receiver device signals when hit by the harmless lasers of opposing force MILES-equipped weapons. It allows forces to engage in realistic battle conditions without the loss of soldiers or equipment.

FOAL EAGLE 98 provided combined ROK-U.S. Special Operations Forces an excellent training opportunity, serving as opposing forces during rear-area operations. Base commanders experienced realistic simulated attacks, gaining valuable insights into their base defense strengths and vulnerabilities.

Air operations included combined interdiction missions, close air support, and suppression of enemy air defense missions. Interdiction missions involved ROK KF-16s, F-4Ds and F-5s and U.S. Air Force F-16s from Kunsan Air Base, Korea; U.S. Marine Corps F/A-18s out of Iwakuni, Japan; and U.S. Navy F/A-18s, F-14s and E-6Bs off the aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk. Numerous sorties were also flown to repel simulated air attacks, including F-15 missions flown by the Hawaii Air National Guard. Air base security defense exercises honed the skills of base security units and a variety of other support organizations as well.

Two of these large field training exercises in FOAL EAGLE involved ground troops. These exercises included a corps-versus-corps battle at the ground maneuver area between the ROK Army’s 6th and 3rd Corps.

Another ground event was the brigade-level battle in the Twin Bridges Training Area between ROK and U.S. Army brigades. This involved fighting the 39th Armor Brigade of the ROK on their own terrain, using their own equipment, moving into battle positions that they know well. Some 1,000 soldiers of the U.S. 3rd Brigade, 2nd Infantry deployed from Ft. Lewis, Washington, for FOAL EAGLE 98. The unit is tasked to “round out” its parent division, the 2nd Infantry Division, already stationed on the peninsula for the defense of the ROK.

Another critical event during “Foal Eagle” was the execution of Fleet Battle Experiment DELTA, the fourth in a series of experiments designed to test technological improvements in sensor-to-shooter abilities. Undersea warfare, SEAL team special operations, air wing power projection, and live fire exercises are also part of the exercise. U.S. forces have the advantage of more sophisticated sensors, communications and weapons, but ROK’s strength lies in phenomenal numbers of small ships that are great for coastal operations.

The exercise contained a number of important firsts that made this year’s FOAL EAGLE the best ever conducted. This is the first year that the Navy was able to establish anti-submarine operations centers off both coasts of Korea, coordinate across the peninsula via U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy early warning radar aircraft, link up with the Combined Forces Command headquarters on the ground, and have an accurate, secure link picture available to all parties in both the East and West Sea. It was also the first year that CTF-70 had tactical command of both ROK and American submarines for the same exercise, something made possible by the presence of Submarine Squadron ONE and the squadron’s submarine assistance team aboard the USS Kitty Hawk (CV 63).

Foal Eagle 99
Nearly 530,000 U.S. and South Korean troops participated in Foal Eagle 99, one of the world’s largest annual military training exercises. Participants in the 1999 Foal Eagle Exercise included ROK-US forces already stationed on the Korean peninsula, to-be-deployed augmentation forces from the US mainland, and administrative offices and reserve forces from the area where the exercise took place. The scenario for the 1999 exercise was an infiltration by North Korean Special Operation Forces into the rear area. It focused on ROK-US brigade-level force-on-force field training and combined amphibious landing operation.

The ROK Government and Combined Forces Command conducted the annual rear area field training exercise, Foal Eagle (FE99) from October 26 to November 5, 1999. FE99 was the 38th in a series of these regularly scheduled training exercises. The exercise was held at a variety of locations throughout the ROK and will involve the majority of U.S. and ROK forces on the peninsula. FE99 was designed to test rear area protection operations and major command, control and communications systems. It also provided hands-on field experience for forces of both nations. The exercise will involve about 500,000 ROK and more than 30,000 total U.S. forces, which includes those stationed in Korea and forces from off-peninsula. Most exercise training sites were located well south of the Seoul metropolitan area. Certain training events included firing blank ammunition and night operations.

Foal Eagle 2000
Foal Eagle 2000, the largest field training drill conducted annually in South Korea, was held from Oct. 25 to Nov. 3. Over 30,000 U.S. military members took part in Foal Eagle 2000, a massive military exercise teaming U.S. troops with more than 500,000 Republic of Korea forces and showcasing their capability to defend South Korea should the need arise. Held at military sites throughout South Korea in October and November, the exercise tested the ability of allied forces to provide ground and air protection, launch and recover aircraft and evacuate civilians from an embattled Korean Peninsula. Courageous Channel, a noncombatant evacuation exercise, also was held during Foal Eagle.

Some units and equipment deploying from outside Korea arrived for Foal Eagle and were convoyed from Pusan, the nation