주한해군사령부-진해,포항-영문2002/12/06 233
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/navy/cnfk.htm
http://www.globalsecurity.org/jhtml/jframe.html#http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/images/Chinhae-fig7-26.gif||| 그림주소
U.S. Naval Forces, Korea (CNFK)
Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Korea (CNFK) is the Navy’s regional commander for the Republic of Korea. The CNFK mission is to provide leadership and expertise in Naval matters to area military commanders, including the Commander in Chief for the United Nations Command, the Republic of Korea (ROK)/U.S. Combined Forces Command (CFC), and Commander, United States Forces Korea (USFK). CNFK also function as a liaison to the ROK Navy, the CFC staff in armistice and in wartime, as well as to the Yokosuka, Japan-based Commander, U.S. Seventh Fleet.
Although CNFK normally has no seagoing forces assigned, there are approximately 300 active duty Naval personnel assigned to various joint, combined, and Navy billets throughout the ROK peninsula. These personnel are actively engaged in planning and execution of numerous operations and exercises throughout the Korean theater.
CNFK’s armistice priorities are aimed at preparing the force for conflict in the event deterrence fails. CNFK conducts contingency planning for Naval forces ashore with the CFC staff and the U.S. Seventh Fleet to refine the theater plans. CNFK’s staff of 84 personnel in Seoul manages U.S. Naval issues on the peninsula during armistice.
CNFK is also responsible for Commander, Fleet Activities Chinhae (CFAC), and U.S. Naval Forces Korea Detachment Pohang. CFAC is a support base that coordinates all U.S. Navy ship port visits and provides liaison to the ROK Navy on training and operations. CNFK Det Pohang is co-located with ROK Marine Base Pohang, and is responsible for coordinating ROK training areas and firing ranges for use by U.S. forces. They are also responsible for maintaining fuel and ordnance storage and reserves.
—————————————————————————————–
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/chinhae.htm
Chinhae Navy Base
35°08′N 128°38′E
The Port of Chinhae is located in Chinhae Harbor on the southeast coast of the Republic of Korea. The port city has a population 130,000, located in the province of Kyong Sang Nam Do on the southeast coast of Korea. The Port is approximately 22 nautical miles west of the much larger and busier port of Pusan. In addition to being the site of the United States Navy command of Commander Fleet Activities (COMFLEACT), Chinhae was also the principal Naval Base of the Republic of Korea (ROK) fleet.
Fleet Activities, Chinhae comprising approximately 84 acres, was adjacent to the Republic of Korea Naval Base, Chinhae, Korea. Detachments for Commander US Naval Forces Korea (CNFK) and Naval Communications (NAVCOMM) were located on the adjacent ROK Base approximately 1 kilometer away.
The city of Chinhae was essentially residential with a growing downtown area. The city was primarily supported by the Korean Naval personnel and their families or people working for the ROK Navy shipyard and base facilities. There was a large chemical fertilizer plant, and a petrochemical plastics plant at the far end of the city. Chinhae was 2 hours from Seoul via air/ground transportation, and 6 hours by train. It occupied one of the most attractive areas in South Korea. The city fronts on a sheltered, island-studded bay, and was almost completely surrounded by mountains covered with pine trees. The city was especially noted for its beautiful cherry trees, which when blossoming in the spring, brings tourists from all over the peninsula for a festival.
The landscape of the Republic of Korea, or South Korea, varies from the rugged Taebaek Mountains running the length of the eastern coast to the gentle slopes and plains of the west and south. Located on the southeast tip of the Korean peninsula, Fleet Activities Chinhae was only a short distance from the bustling marketplaces which make up the islands urban center of Pusan and minutes away from the beaches of the Southern Coast. In fact, by American standards anywhere in South Korea is a short distance away. Seoul, the nations capital, is only 7 hours by car.
Korea’s second largest island, Kojedo, lies just south of Chinhae and is an hour-and-a-half ferry ride away. Once a POW camp during the Korean War, the island subsequently became home to a thriving fishing and shipbuilding industry, along with first-class beaches and resorts.
Co-located with the largest Korean Navy base, Fleet Activities Chinhae was the only US Navy installation in the country. Outside the gates, the city of Chinhae was growing rapidly as more than 130,000 residents worked to support the Korean Navy shipyard and growing industrial enterprises. The base and the city overlooked a bay dotted with islands and surrounded by pine-studded mountains.
The harbor was entered from the southeast through Gadeog Channel. The channel varied in width from 2,600 yards at its seaward entrance to 1,000 yards where it split just north of Koje Do (Island). The channel was reported to be difficult to navigate in strong winds due to shoal water between Pu Do and Kureisser Cho (Rock). Because of the shoal water, large ships (28 foot draft or greater) entered the harbor through a relatively narrow passage between Kureisser Cho and a promontory just to the west-northwest. When using this passage, there was a danger of being forced onto the rocks of the promontory during periods of strong northerly flow. Therefore, local port authorities recommended that large vessels not try to enter the port during strong northerly winds.
The harbor had several piers and quays that were used by the ROK Navy. The ROK Navy was also the coordinating authority for pier usage at the port. When US Navy surface vessels visited the port and did not anchor, they were usually assigned to berth at Pier 9. Only the south 700 feet of Pier 9 was considered usable by local US Navy authorities because of suspected shoal water (depths less than 13 ft (4 m)) about 800 feet from the south end of the pier. Submarines moored to the pier on Somo Do. Some surface ships had also moored at Somo Do, and noted greater alongside depths than Pier 9. Only one vessel of any type could be accommodated at Somo Do at any one time because nesting was not permitted.
Several anchorages were available in the harbor. The designated nuclear anchorage for US Navy ships was bisected by the long, east-west breakwater that was constructed just south of the new ROK submarine base. The anchorage had portions north and south of the breakwater. By OPNAV instruction, the designated anchorage was the only anchorage nuclear ships could use. Due to the restricted size of the southern segment, nuclear ships were limited to using the northern section. However, a potentially hazardous situation existed for ships using the northern section in northerly wind situations. If anchor dragging occurred, the ship would be forced toward the breakwater. Consequently, local port authorities recommended that ships not use the anchorage if a tropical cyclone was forecasted to pass east of the port and bring northerly winds to the port area.
The bottom of the northern portion was mud with good holding in water depths of 29.5 to 36 feet (9 to 11 meters). The bottom type and holding quality of the southern section was unspecified, but water depths range from 38 to 41 feet (11.5 to 12.5 meters).
Several mooring buoys were located in the anchorages. The largest buoys in the northern part were secured to 10-ton concrete blocks as well as having an anchor line attached to a navy anchor. The smaller buoys had 6-ton blocks, also with an anchor line. Local personnel stated that the safest buoys for small ships to use were buoys 5 and 8. According to local personnel the buoys were moved during the ROK Submarine Base construction, which started in 1993. Consequently, buoy positions marked on harbor charts were thought to not necessarily be accurate.
A large anchorage was located in the southern portion of Chinhae Harbor. A total of 18 anchorage positions, designated Y-1 through Y-18, were identified. Large US Navy vessels were usually assigned to positions Y-1 or Y-2. A second large anchorage was located in the southeast part of Chinhae Harbor, and was normally used by ROK Navy vessels. A total of 20 anchorage positions, designated Z-2 through Z-21, were identified. Tidal range was normally about 6 feet, with a 7 foot extreme tide occasionally observed. Currents in the harbor were minimal.
Piers at Chinhae were in good repair. A total of 7 non-floodable Yokohama fenders were available for use by US Navy ships: 4 with diameters of 4.9 feet (1.5 meters) and 3 with diameters of 8.2 feet (2.5 meters). In addition, 2 vertical, rubber fenders were available for use by submarines at the Somo Do pier. Each was 25 feet (7.6 meters) long, with 8 feet (2.4 meters) extending above the water surface. The harbor had two dry docks, neither of which was used by US Navy ships. In addition, one 50-ton and 2 30-ton floating cranes, as well as 15- and 20-ton mobile cranes were available for service to visiting ships. Tug boats were available, but operate out of Masan. Advance notice of requirements at Chinhae was necessary because it was a 40-minute run from Masan to Chinhae. Pilotage was mandatory in Chinhae Harbor.
Commander, Fleet Activity Chinhae’s (CFAC) Mission is to maintain and operate facilities and provide services and materials to support Sailors, Marines, Families and Ships of the Fleet during peacetime, exercises and contingency operations. The mission includes the responsibility to serve as an effective instrument of United States foreign policy. The primary mission of COMFLEACT Chinhae previously was to maintain and operate facilities, to provide services and materials in support of tenant shore activities and units of the Operating Forces of the US Navy, and to perform such other functions or tasks as maybe directed by higher authority. The mission included the responsibility to serve as an effective instrument of US foreign policy, by initiating and continuing action programs which promote positive relations between the command and foreign nationals, and assisting individual Naval personnel and their family members to work effectively, live with dignity and satisfaction, and function as positive representatives of the Navy and of the United States while overseas.
Fleet Activities, Chinhae had its origin as a US Naval Advisory Group in 1946. The Command was subsequently established as a detachment of the Naval Component of the US Naval Advisory Group for the Republic of Korea. Upon reorganization in July 1969, the Command became the first Fleet Detachment, Naval Station, Joint US Military Advisory Group Korea (JUSMAG-K).
In 1972, the Command was reorganized as the Chinhae Facility. US Naval Forces Korea and Fleet Detachment, Naval Section, JUSMAG-K broke out to become a tenant activity. The activity, renamed in 1972 as Field Logistics Center, Chinhae, was disestablished in 1988. The Chinhae Facility was reorganized as Commander, US Naval Forces, Korea Detachment, Chinhae in 1978. Reorganization in 1984 established Commander, Fleet Activities Chinhae with Commander, US Naval Forces, Detachment Chinhae as a tenant activity.
Commander, Fleet Activities, Chinhae provided Morale, Welfare and Recreation services to the military through weekend trips to Osan, Pusan, Taegu, and other recreational points of interest. It provided discounts for numerous recreational activities throughout Korea, television and VCR rental, as well as camcorders, camping gear, and bicycles. In addition, there was a base library, chapel, a small commissary and exchange, a gymnasium, and a bowling alley. The base has a Department Of Defense Dependents Schools (DODDS) for the first through sixth grades. Children in grades 7-12 were bussed to US military schools in Pusan. Movies were shown twice weekly at Robinson Center and were free for the entire family. Three clubs on base offered formal and informal dining, and Duffy’s Club provided general entertainment including stateside bands, karaoke, and bingo several nights a month. Medical facilities were limited, as there was only a branch clinic. The nearest hospital was the 121st General Hospital in Seoul, 250 miles to the north. The local Korean residents were very friendly and helpful. Base housing was furnished and all the BEQ/BOQ facilities had been renovated.
NAVCOMM Detachment Chinhae, Korea was located in South Korea, 30 miles west of Pusan on the Republic of Korea Navy base and officially established in October 1995. The detachment of approximately 30 personnel was headed at the time by ENS Steve Irvine as Officer in Charge and ETC(SW) Mike Holley as the Assistant Officer in Charge. The mission of the detachment was to provide incoming and outgoing message services to both mobile and ashore units of Commander in Chief Republic of Korea Fleet, Commander Naval Forces Korea, Commander Seventh Fleet, and all US Navy and Marine Corps commands within the Republic of Korea. This included the upkeep and proper operations of all facilities, equipment and circuitry.
NTCC Chinhae is the newest member of Naval Command Telecommunications Station (NAVCOMTELSTA) Far East and was established in 1995. It continued in its long tradition of providing valuable communications support to Commander, US Forces Korea; Commander, US Naval Forces Korea; the Republic of Korea Navy and transiting units. In addition, with the transition to Message Distribution Terminals (MDTs) and GATEGUARD, it brought the Republic of Korea improved state-of-the-art communications support.
As of September 1993, the ROK Navy was constructing a submarine base in Chinhae Harbor. Extensive filling had been completed on the north, east, and south sides of Somo Do. With the filling Somo Do was in reality no longer an island, becoming connected to the mainland. When construction was completed, the new submarine facility was expected to afford excellent protection to moored submarines from winds and seas from southeast clockwise through west. In addition to its protected location, the design of the facility was unique because the builders erected 2 wind fences to protect the submarine piers from strong winds. One, oriented east-west on the western half of the newly constructed breakwater was located just south of the piers. The other was oriented north-northwest to south-southeast near the west end of the piers. It was located across the filled area between Somo Do and what used to be (before filling connected it to Somo Do) the small island of Song Do to the south. Each fence was estimated to be 32-38 feet (10-12 meters) high, and was constructed of steel vertical supports and fixed, horizontal, sturdy, fiberglass panels. The panels were mounted venetian blind-style so that any wind impacting the fences from south through west would be deflected upward before reaching the piers. Although southerly through westerly winds would undoubtedly reach the pier area, the horizontal wind force was expected to be significantly diminished by the deflecting effect of the wind fences.
United States Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM) tested the ROK’s capability to transport munitions filled containers to various bases with 2 Turbo CADS (TC) worldwide munitions movement exercises during 2001. Primarily as a result of USTRANSCOM sponsored exercises, some infrastructure improvements to the system had been effected. The most important improvement was the refit of the ROK’s Chinhae port facility. Completed in April 1998, this successful modernization effort lowered the pier draft thus enabling large container ships to dock and off-load. The pier was equipped with a state-of-the-art off-load capability complete with a permanent ISO gantry system, a land-based ISO handling portable crane, 4 truck lanes, and 2 railroad lines. These improvements, along with the latest 45 ton overhead handlers allowed the port facility to off-load 15 twenty-foot equivalent units an hour. For example, it subsequently took just over 3 days to download an APF ship carrying 1,103 ISO containers loaded with USAF air- to-ground munitions. This capability, in conjunction with its remote location, made Chinhae the ROK’s only sited port capable of rapidly transloading explosive-filled ISOs from a container ship directly to railcars or trucks. Although air transport constituted another option for intermodal transfers from ships docking at the Chinhae port, the closest military runway was two hours away at Taegu AB. Relocating the ISOs to Taegu AB would still involve transfer by rail or truck and therefore air transport was not feasible. This was the primary reason that there are no plans to airlift APF ammunition in ISOs to USAF bases directly from Chinhae.
Under the Land Partnership Plan between the US and the ROK, first agreed to in 2002 and ammended in 2004, Fleet Activities Chinhae would continue to operate, and the US precense at the facility would continue to be the only US Naval Base on the Korean peninsula.
—————————————————————————————-
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/pohang.htm
Camp Mu Juk
Marine Expeditionary Camp, Pohang (MEC-P)The city of P’ohang is located on the eastern coast of the Republic of Korea, approximately 400 kilometers (250 miles) from Seoul. Marine Expeditionary Camp, Pohang (MEC-P) was a base where Marine units can stay while they’re training at one of several ranges in the area. The Camp was designed to handle 2,000 Marines, and was home to several major exercises each year including Foal Eagle, Korean Intergrated Training Program (KITP), Ulchi Focus Lens (UFL), and Reception, Staging, Onward movement, and Integration (RSOI). Marine Expeditionary Camp, Pohang was an 84-acre expeditionary encampment area located just outside the town of O’chon, South Korea. MEC-P had been a base camp for Marines deployed to exercises in the Republic of Korea for more than two decades.
Maintaining MEC-P throughout the year was challenging, especially for the detachment of Marines and Sailors stationed there to maintain the camp throughout the year. The Camp was a 2 hour drive from the nearest commissary or post exchange, and the temperature ranges from 98 degrees in the summer to below freezing in the winter. The normal rotation was 6 months for the Marines and Sailors who came from Okinawa. Many of them extend their tour because they enjoyed the training and the experience they got doing their job in an expeditionary environment.
Commander Naval Forces Korea (CNFK) Detachment P’ohang was located just south of P’ohang, on the 1st ROK Marine Division Base. CNFK Detachment P’ohang was home to 13 Marines and 2 Sailors. The mission of CNFK Det P’ohang was to liaison with Republic of Korea military and civilian agencies for US deployment training and contingency support planning and coordination. Detachment P’ohang also coordinated the use of 1st ROK Marine Division training areas and firing ranges by US forces to conduct combined training, maintains pre-positioned war reserve aviation and ground ordnance facilities at P’ohang and Yechon, maintains TacAir refueling operations, and provides supplemental communication capability for Commander Naval Shore Based Forces Korea.
In 1980, Camp Muchuk (also written Mu Juk or Mujuk), a Republic of Korea Marine Corps ammunition depot, was established as a III Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) billeting facility to support repeated USMC deployment to the ROK. The name Mu Juk means invincible in the Korean language. For the 32 Marines stationed at Camp Mu Juk, invincible was a word that captured an essence of life on the dusty, 84-acre military facility. The small estate, which rested one mile outside the Republic of Korea Marine Corps’ 1st Marine Division headquarters, was the site of numerous exercises for US Marines training in conjunction with ROK Marines. The overall mission of Camp Mu Juk was to house and support the incoming Marines who visited the facility annually.
With the help of the Naval construction detachment, the 9th Engineering Support Battalion Combat Service Detachment made several improvements to the camp. Improvements to the camp over the past 10 years included re-grading gravel roads, adding drainage ditches, a fuel point, generator shed, and water distribution system, as well as installing pre-engineered buildings and a second water well. In addition to improved facilities, the quality of life had improved at MEC-P with the addition of a mini mall, long-distance telephones, and the ROK Hard Cafe.
In 2002 the United States and the Republic of Korea agree to the Land Partnership Plan (LPP), outline a broad sweeping set of changes to the US base infrastrure in Korea. This agreement was ammended in 2004 with various additional facilities earmarked for closure or partial closure being added to the list. Under the LPP, authority for Marine Expeditionary Camp Pohang was returned to the Republic of Korea at Camp Mu Juk in exchange for the ability to maintain a continued precense and a guarantee of 26 weeks a year training time at the facility. CNFK Detachment Pohang’s facilities on the 1st ROK Marine Corps base were also returned to the ROK under the LPP, with the Detachment moving to the US facilities at Camp Mu Juk.
Three new prototype fuel systems were tested on the chilling east coast beaches of South Korea in October 1998 in an effort to revolutionize the re-supplying of fuel for future Marine warfighters. Both US and Republic of Korea Marine forces, participating in the combined exercise Foal Eagle, provided an ideal setting for the D-Day Mobile Fuel Distribution System Concept Demonstration. In addition to the Marine participants from III MEF and 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU), numerous researchers and other contributors came from around the world to witness the testing of the 3 fuel systems.
Prior to the D-Day Mobile Fuel effort, there was no way to deliver bulk logistics fuel from over the horizon. So this was trying to meet a critical requirement that, up until that time had not been met. The Navy was required to provide fuel support to Marine landing forces from a ship offshore, but it was the Marine Corps’ responsibility to receive that fuel at the high water mark ashore and push it inland to the warfighter. In the past, a Navy landing ship tank (LST) was used to feed fuel hose lines within 10,000 feet from the shore, but their deactivation from the active force and their limited distance forced the Marine Corps to find new ways of expediently bringing fuel ashore. To combat these issues, the Marine Forces Pacific (MARFORPAC) Warfighting lab in Hawaii and several technical experts from around the country started developing new designs for bulk fuel containers, about 4 years prior to the exercise, with support from the Office of Naval Research.
Approximately 45,000 gallons of fuel were offloaded from the Maritime Prepositioning Ship Motor Vessel Sgt. William R. Button and distributed to several units throughout Pohang and Marine Expeditionarry Camp Pohang to kick off Exercise Foal Eagle/Freedom Banner on 14 October 1998. Combat Service Support Group 3 Marines from Marine Corps Base Hawaii, Kaneohe Bay, and Force Service Support Group 3 Marines from Okinawa, Japan, used 5,000-gallon M970 tanks loaded on 931 tractors to receive the fuel and distribute it to dozens of vehicles, generators and other vital mechical assets in the exercises. The fuel was distributed to Marines to use over 5 weeks in field exercises, an amphibious landing and continuous base camp operations.
The Korean Intergrated Training Program (KITP) was a one and a half month joint training in conjunction with the Republic of Korea (ROK) Marines that took place in Pohang, Korea Marine Expeditionary Camp Pohang (MEC-P) from 8 November 2000 through December 2000. 1st Battalion, 3rd Marines and Combat Service Support Detachment 33 deployed to the chilly and austere Marine Expeditionary Camp Pohang in the Republic of Korea on 8 November 2000. Korean Incremental Training Program 00-1 was conducted in coordination with Republic of Korea Marine Corps forces to enhance warfighting skills and increase bilateral interoperability. After the exercise, 1/3 Marines and CSSD-33 redeployed to Okinawa to continue their training. 9th Engineer Support Battalion’s MEC-P Combat Service Detachment remained behind to prepare the camp for the next exercise.
In early 2001 Marines from 3rd Battalion, 8th Marines, practiced systematic room clearing techniques and skills during a Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT) exercise in the Republic of Korea Marine Expeditionary Camp-Pohang. The Marines also tested versions of the new Marine combat uniform.
————————————————————————————
U.S. Naval Forces, Korea (CNFK)
US Forces, Korea
Units
Facilities
Chinhae
Pohang
Official Homepage
U.S. Naval Forces, Korea
————————————————————————–
——————————————————————————–
Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Korea (CNFK) is the Navy’s regional commander for the Republic of Korea. The CNFK mission is to provide leadership and expertise in Naval matters to area military commanders, including the Commander in Chief for the United Nations Command, the Republic of Korea (ROK)/U.S. Combined Forces Command (CFC), and Commander, United States Forces Korea (USFK). CNFK also function as a liaison to the ROK Navy, the CFC staff in armistice and in wartime, as well as to the Yokosuka, Japan-based Commander, U.S. Seventh Fleet.
Although CNFK normally has no seagoing forces assigned, there are approximately 300 active duty Naval personnel assigned to various joint, combined, and Navy billets throughout the ROK peninsula. These personnel are actively engaged in planning and execution of numerous operations and exercises throughout the Korean theater.
CNFK’s armistice priorities are aimed at preparing the force for conflict in the event deterrence fails. CNFK conducts contingency planning for Naval forces ashore with the CFC staff and the U.S. Seventh Fleet to refine the theater plans. CNFK’s staff of 84 personnel in Seoul manages U.S. Naval issues on the peninsula during armistice.
CNFK is also responsible for Commander, Fleet Activities Chinhae (CFAC), and U.S. Naval Forces Korea Detachment Pohang. CFAC is a support base that coordinates all U.S. Navy ship port visits and provides liaison to the ROK Navy on training and operations. CNFK Det Pohang is co-located with ROK Marine Base Pohang, and is responsible for coordinating ROK training areas and firing ranges for use by U.S. forces. They are also responsible for maintaining fuel and ordnance storage and reserves.
Chinhae, ROK
35°08′N 128°38′E
Units
COMFLEACT Chinhae
NAVCOMM Det Chinhae
Official Homepage
Fleet Activities, Chinhae
——————————————————————————–
——————————————————————————–
The Port of Chinhae is located in Chinhae Harbor on the southeast coast of the Republic of Korea. The Port is approximately 22 nmi west of much larger and busier port of Pusan. In addition to being the site of the United States Navy command of Commander Fleet Activities (COMFLEACTS), Chinhae is also the principal Naval Base of the Republic of Korea (ROK) fleet.
Fleet Activities, Chinhae comprising approximately 84 acres, is adjacent to the Republic of Korea Naval Base, Chinhae, Korea. CNFK DET & NAVCOMM DET are located on the adjacent ROK Base approximately 1 kilometer away. Chinhae is a port city with a population 130,000, located in the province of Kyong Sang Nam Do on the southeast coast of Korea.
NAVCOMM Det Chinhae, Korea was officially established in October 1995. The detachment of approx. 30 personnel is currently headed by ENS Steve Irvine as Officer in Charge and ETC(SW) Mike Holley as the Assistant Officer in Charge. The mission of the detachment is to provide incoming and outgoing message services to both mobile and ashore units of Commander in Chief Republic of Korea Fleet, Commander Naval Forces Korea, Commander Seventh Fleet , and all U.S. Navy and Marine Corps commands within the Republic of Korea. This includes the upkeep and proper operations of all facilities, equipment and circuitry. NAVCOMM Det Chinhae is located in South Korea, 30 miles west of Pusan on the Republic of Korea Navy base. NTCC Chinhae is the newest member of NAVCOMTELSTA Far East and was established in 1995. It continues in its long tradition of providing valuable communications support to Commander, U.S. Forces Korea; Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Korea, the Republic of Korea Navy and transiting units. In addition, with the transition to Message Distribution Terminals (MDTs) and GATEGUARD, it brings the Republic of Korea improved state-of-the-art communications support.
The primary mission of COMFLEACT Chinhae is to maintain and operate facilities, to provide services and materials in support of tenant shore activities and units of the Operating Forces of the US Navy, and to perform such other functions or tasks as maybe directed by higher authority. The mission includes the responsibility to serve as an effective instrument of US foreign policy, by initiating and continuing action programs which promote positive relations between the command and foreign nationals; and assisting individual Naval personnel and their family members to work effectively, live with dignity and satisfaction, and function as positive representatives of the Navy and of the United States while overseas.
Fleet Activities, Chinhae had its origin as a US Naval Advisory Group in 1946. This Command was subsequently established as a detachment of the Naval Component of the US Naval Advisory Group for the Republic of Korea. Upon reorganization in July 1969, the Command became the first Fleet Detachment, Naval Station, JUSMAG-K. In 1972, the Command was reorganized as the Chinhae Facility. US Naval Forces Korea and Fleet Detachment, Naval Section, JUSMAG-K broke out to become a tenant activity. The activity, renamed in 1972 as Field Logistics Center, Chinhae, was disestablished in 1988. Chinhae Facility was reorganized as Commander, US Naval Forces, Korea Detachment, Chinhae in 1978. Reorganization in 1984 established Commander, Fleet Activities Chinhae with Commander, US Naval Forces, Detachment Chinhae as a tenant activity.
Command, Fleet Activities, Chinhae provides Morale, Welfare and Recreation services to the military through weekend trips to Osan, Pusan, Taegu, and other recreational points of interest; provides discounts for numerous recreational activities throughout Korea; provides television and VCR rental, as well as camcorders, camping gear, and bicycles. In addition, there is a base library, chapel, a small commissary and exchange, a gymnasium, and a bowling alley. The base has a DODDS school for the first through sixth grades. Children in grades 7-12 are bussed to U.S. military schools in Pusan. Movies are shown twice weekly at Robinson Center and are free for the entire family. Three clubs on base offer formal and informal dining, and Duffy’s Club provides general entertainment including stateside bands, karaoke, and bingo several nights a month. Medical facilities are limited, as there is only a branch clinic. The nearest hospital is the 121st General Hospital in Seoul, 250 miles to the north. The local Korean residents are very friendly and helpful. Base housing is furnished and all the BEQ/BOQ facilities have been recently renovated.
Co-located with the largest Korean Navy base, Fleet Activities Chinhae is the only US Navy installation in the country. Outside the gates, the city of Chinhae is growing rapidly as more than 130,000 residents work to support the Korean Navy shipyard and growing industrial enterprises. The base and the city overlook a bay dotted with islands and surrounded by pine-studded mountains.
The harbor is entered from the southeast through Gadeog Channel. The channel varies in width from 2,600 yd at its seaward entrance to 1,000 yd where it splits just north of Koje Do (Island). The channel is reported to be difficult to navigate in strong winds due to shoal water between Pu Do and Kureisser Cho (Rock). Because of the shoal water, large ships (28 ft draft) enter the harbor through a relatively narrow passage between Kureisser Cho and a promontory just to the west-northwest. When using this passage, there is a danger of being forced onto the rocks of the promontory during periods of strong northerly flow. Therefore, local port authorities recommend that large vessels not try to enter the port during strong northerly winds.
The harbor has several piers and quays that are used by the ROK Navy. The ROK Navy is also the coordinating authority for pier usage at the port. When U. S. Navy surface vessels visit the port and do not anchor, they are usually assigned to berth at Pier 9. Only the south 700 ft of Pier 9 is considered usable by local U. S. Navy authorities because of suspected shoal water (depths less than 13 ft (4 m)) about 800 ft from the south end of the pier.
Submarines moor to the pier on Somo Do. Some surface ships have also moored at Somo Do, and noted greater alongside depths than Pier 9. Only one vessel of any type can be accommodated at Somo Do at any one time because nesting is not permitted. As of September 1993, the ROK Navy was constructing a submarine base in Chinhae Harbor. Extensive filling has been completed on the north, east, and south sides of Somo Do. Because of the filling, Somo Do is in reality no longer an island; it is now connected to the mainland. When construction is completed, the new submarine facility should afford excellent protection to moored submarines from winds and seas from southeast clockwise through west. In addition to its protected location, the design of the facility is unique because the builders have erected two wind fences to protect the submarine piers from strong winds. One, oriented east-west on the western half of the newly constructed breakwater is located just south of the piers. The other is oriented north-northwest to south-southeast near the west end of the piers. It is located across the filled area between Somo Do and what used to be (before filling connected it to Somo Do) the small island of Song Do to the south. Each fence is estimated to be 32-38 ft (10-12 m) high, and is constructed of steel vertical supports and fixed, horizontal, sturdy, fiberglass panels. The panels are mounted venetian blind-style so that any wind impacting the fences from south through west will be deflected upward before reaching the piers. Although southerly through westerly winds will undoubtedly reach the pier area, the horizontal wind force should be significantly diminished by the deflecting effect of the wind fences.
Several anchorages are available in the harbor. The designated nuclear anchorage for U. S. Navy ships is now bisected by the long, east-west breakwater that was constructed just south of the new ROK submarine base. The anchorage now has portions north and south of the breakwater. By OPNAV instruction, the designated anchorage is the only anchorage nuclear ships may use. Due to the restricted size of the southern segment, nuclear ships are now limited to using the northern section. However, a potentially hazardous situation exists for ships using the northern section in northerly wind situations. If anchor dragging occurred, the ship would be forced toward the breakwater. Consequently, local port authorities recommend that ships not use the anchorage if a tropical cyclone is forecast to pass east of the port and bring northerly winds to the port area.
The bottom of the northern portion is mud with good holding in water depths of 29.5 to 36 ft (9 to 11 m). The bottom type and holding quality of the southern section is unspecified, but water depths range from 38 to 41 ft (11.5 to 12.5 m).
Several mooring buoys are located in the anchorages. The largest buoys in the northern part are secured to 10-ton concrete blocks as well as having an anchor line attached to a navy anchor. The smaller buoys have 6-ton blocks, also with an anchor line. Local personnel state that the safest buoys for small ships to use are buoys 5 and 8. According to local personnel the buoys were moved during the ROK Submarine Base construction. Consequently, buoy positions marked on harbor charts may not be accurate.
A large anchorage is located in the southern portion of Chinhae Harbor. A total of 18 anchorage positions, designated Y-1 through Y-18, are identified. Large U. S. Navy vessels are usually assigned to positions Y-1 or Y-2. A second large anchorage, is located in the southeast part of Chinhae Harbor, and is normally used by ROK Navy vessels. A total of 20 anchorage positions, designated Z-2 through Z-21, are identified. Tidal range is normally about 6 ft, with a 7-ft extreme tide occasionally observed. Currents in the harbor are minimal.
Piers at Chinhae are in good repair. A total of seven non-floodable Yokohama fenders are available for use by U. S. Navy ships: four with diameters of 4.9 ft (1.5 m) and three with diameters of 8.2 ft (2.5 m). In addition, two vertical, rubber fenders are available for use by submarines at the Somo Do pier. Each is 25 ft (7.6 m) long, with 8 ft (2.4 m) extending above the water surface. The harbor has two dry docks, neither of which is used by US Navy ships. In addition, one 50-ton and two 30-ton floating cranes, as well as 15- and 20-ton mobile cranes are available for service to visiting ships. Tug boats are available, but operate out of Masan. Advance notice of requirements at Chinhae is necessary because it is a 40-minute run from Masan to Chinhae. Pilotage is mandatory in Chinhae Harbor.
USTRANSCOM tested the ROK’s capability to transport munitions filled containers to various bases with two TURBO CADS (TC) worldwide munitions movement exercises. Primarily as a result of USTRANSCOM sponsored exercises, some infrastructure improvements to the system have been effected. The most important improvement was the refit of the ROK’s Chinhae port facility. Completed in April 1998, this successful modernization effort lowered the pier draft thus enabling large container ships to dock and off-load. The pier was equipped with a state-of-the-art off-load capability complete with a permanent ISO gantry system, a land-based ISO handling portable crane, four truck lanes, and two railroad lines. These improvements, along with the latest 45 ton overhead handlers allow the port facility to off-load 15 twenty-foot equivalent units an hour. For example, it now takes just over three days to download an APF ship carrying 1,103 ISO containers loaded with USAF air- to-ground munitions.25 This capability, in conjunction with its remote location, makes Chinhae the ROK’s only sited port capable of rapidly transloading explosive-filled ISOs from a container ship directly to railcars or trucks. Although air transport constitutes another option for intermodal transfers from ships docking at the Chinhae port, the closest military runway is two hours away at Taegu AB. Relocating the ISOs to Taegu AB would still involve transfer by rail or truck and therefore air transport is not feasible. This is the primary reason that there are no plans to airlift APF ammunition in ISOs to USAF bases directly from Chinhae.
Korea’s second largest island, Kojedo, lies just south of Chinhae and is an hour-and-a-half ferry ride away. Once a POW camp during the Korean War, the island now hosts a thriving fishing and shipbuilding industry, along with first-class beaches and resorts.
The city of Chinhae is located in the province of Kyongsang Nam Do, on the southeast coast of South Korea. Chinhae is a small city with a population estimated at 130,000. It is essentially residential with a growing downtown area. The city is primarily supported by the Korean Naval personnel and their families or people working for the ROK Navy shipyard and base facilities. There is a large chemical fertilizer plant, and a petrochemical plastics plant at the far end of the city. Chinhae is two hours from Seoul via air/ground transportation, and six hours by train. It occupies one of the most attractive areas in South Korea. The city fronts on a sheltered, island-studded bay, and is almost completely surrounded by mountains covered with pine trees. The city is especially noted for its beautiful cherry trees, which when blossoming in the spring, brings tourists from all over the peninsula for a festival.
The landscape of the Republic of Korea, or South Korea, varies from the rugged Taebaek Mountains running the length of the eastern coast to the gentle slopes and plains of the west and south. Located on the southeast tip of the Korean peninsula, Fleet Activities Chinhae is only a short distance from the bustling marketplaces which make up the islands urban center of Pusan and minutes away from the beaches of the Southern Coast. In fact, by American standards anywhere in South Korea is a short distance away. Seoul, the nation s capital, is only seven hours by car.
Marine Expeditionary Camp, Pohang [MEC-P]
Units
Official Homepage
Marine Expeditionary Camp, Pohang
——————————————————————————–
——————————————————————————–
Marine Expeditionary Camp, Pohang [MEC-P] is a base where Marine units can stay while they’re training at one of several ranges in the area. The Camp can handle 2,000 Marines, and is home to several major exercises each year including Foal Eagle, KITP, UFL, and RSOI. Marine Expeditionary Camp, Pohang is an 84-acre expeditionary encampment area located just outside the town of O’chon, South Korea. MEC-P has been a base camp for Marines deployed to exercises in the Republic of Korea for more than two decades. In 1980, Camp Muchuk, a Republic of Korea Marine Corps ammunition depot, was established as a III MEF billeting facility to support repeated USMC deployment to the ROK.
The city of P’ohang is located on the eastern coast of the Republic of Korea, approximately 400 kilometers (250 miles) from Seoul. CNFK Det P’ohang is located just south of P’ohang, on the 1st ROK Marine Division Base.
CNFK Det P’ohang is home to 13 Marines and 2 Sailors. The mission of CNFK Det P’ohang is to liaison with Republic of Korea military and civilian agencies for U.S. deployment training and contingency support planning and coordination. Det P’ohang also coordinates the use of 1st ROK Marine Division training areas and firing ranges by U.S. forces to conduct combined training, maintains pre-positioned war reserve aviation and ground ordnance facilities at P’ohang and Yechon, maintains TacAir refueling operations, and provides supplemental communication capability for Commander Naval Shore Based Forces Korea. CNFK Det P’ohang is responsible for maintaining pre-postioned war reserve aviation and ground ordnance facilities, maintaining TacAir refueling operations, and coordinating the use of 1st ROK Marine Division firing ranges.
Three new prototype fuel systems were tested on the chilling east coast beaches of South Korea in October 1998 in an effort to revolutionize the re-supplying of fuel for future Marine warfighters. Both U.S. and Republic of Korea Marine forces, participating in the combined exercise Foal Eagle, provided an ideal setting for the D-Day Mobile Fuel Distribution System Concept Demonstration. In addition to the Marine participants from III Marine Expeditionary Force and 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit, numerous researchers and other contributors came from around the world to witness the testing of the three fuel systems. Prior to the D-Day Mobile Fuel effort, there was no way to deliver bulk logistics fuel from over the horizon. So this was trying to meet a critical requirement that, up until this time, was not met. The Navy is required to provide fuel support to Marine landing forces from a ship offshore, but it is the Marine Corps